Colorimetric Assy of Gold

Introduction 
I know this web site is obtaining a bit confused. Why did’t I place this page on an equivalent one with the other assay page? Well, it’s your fault. ERs culpa de unsteadies! I never unreal you wished to grasp this abundant about chemistry. when I place up a sort of simplified method of doing something you SLAM American state with requests for additional information, additional methods. I’m proud o YA! I’m planning to try my dandiest to keep giving it to you till you guys yell "STOP" or I run out of something additional to write down.
On this page we tend to square measure planning to talk about quantitative determination of gold and the way you can within the hay|love|make out|make love|sleep with|get laid|have sex|know|be intimate|have intercourse|have it away|have it off|screw|fuck|jazz|eff|hump|lie with|bed|have a go at it|bang|get it on|bonk|copulate|mate|pair|couple} in the basement or, if you're therefore inclined, move into the sphere. No you Cain’t gonad need to obtain a muffle furnace or a $2500 analytical balance to try and do it. What do I keep telling you that cat? If somebody will catch him, we can skin him! He has been caught. The methods i am planning to provide you with are not necessarily mine, they're in the literature. However, if you had to seek for it in the library you would don't have any need of this website|internet site|site|computer|computing machine|computing device|data processor|electronic computer|information processing system} or American state and you also wouldn't have enough time left over to ever dig a gram of gold out of your favorite site. I got nothing better to try and do therefore, you dig, and I’All tell you ways to assay your ores. All you have to try and do is spend a bit time on a rainy/cold day to surf through the accumulated information of all the ages because it applies to metallurgy/chemistry of gold and therefore the other precious metals.
 
The Basics
I told you on the previous "assaying" page that there have been completely different types of assays. I explained the difference between qualitative and quantitative assays. As eerily would say, we’re gonad "kick it up a notch". we tend to square measure only planning to consider quantitative assays. However, there square measure completely different categories of quantitative assays. just Cain’t without stopping to the present, is there?
If you would like to measure something you want to have some method of "quantitate" it. you might use a ruler, a bathroom scale, AN analytical balance, a basket, a box, a tablespoon or some other method for determinative just how much of the stuff in question that you just have. we tend to square measure planning to do some exploring. this is planning to create the Lewis/Clarke explorations look Boy Scouts on a weekend outing.
We can, as in a very fire assay, described on the other assay page, weigh the ultimate sample. this is referred to as a "gravimeter" assay. Why? Well, it’s determined on its relevance the earth’s gravity. Gravimeter, pull of earth’s gravity, metro, to measure, you get it, i do know you do. I told you that you just could use AN Atomic Absorption mass spectrometer to measure the gold in AN blue provincial capital assay. this might be a qualitative analysis assay. It measures the emission of nonparticulate radiation from the glamorized sample. Spectra, spectrum, metro, measure, - - - . this could proceed and on however let’s get to the one we tend to have an interest in on this page. Another means of measurement something is by what color it's. this could even be referred to as qualitative analysis, however if you're measurement something in the spectrum that happens to fall within the range that we can see with our eyeballs, it's referred to as "calorimetric". Color, something we can see, something we can live with our eyes, green, red, blue, metric, to measure, etc.
I happen to grasp that AN object or solution that's reflecting light that falls between about 600-700 milliseconds on the spectrum will seem red to United States. If it reflects light in the range around 400 milliseconds it will seem to United States as blue. that's just the color, not the intensity of the color. The intensity relies upon how much light is being reflected. Don’t worry, you don’t need to bear in mind all this. I Cain’t interested you memorizing stuff. I’m making an attempt to clarify it therefore you are aware of it. that's way more important. No pop quiz’s today! about here, I suggest a trip to the fridge, lay back, stare at the ceiling, and see if there's something you understand so far. If not, not to worry, we tend to are getting there and eventually (I hope), it will all move.
From here on, we tend to square measure going hypersonic. we tend to square measure gonad bodysurf on thermonuclear shock waves of information!
I happen to grasp that there square measure sure chemicals that may react with salts of gold to produce colored solutions. O.K...., that’s a qualitative assay, right? the answer turns red; there's gold in it. however this page was speculated to be about quantitative assays. how much gold is in it? That’s what we tend to have an interest in. suspend with American state. I’m gonad tell you ways to turn a qualitative assay into a quantitative assay. It Cain’t all that difficult. It’s just a matter of, once you get the right color, you have to work out how intense the color is. Right? Stare at the ceiling again, another trip to the fridge? have faith in it a bit. At this time i really wish you understand what I’ave been making an attempt to urge across. i need it to create sense to you. Hey gang, i do know this is a bit confusing. perhaps it’s my fault! perhaps I just will’t justify it in terms that anyone can understand however if there's one in all you that get the concept, it’s worth it.
Now, we tend to square measure planning to convert our qualitative assay to a quantitative assay. we tend to are not going into details at now. I just wish to clarify how these assays work so you'll understand what you're doing when we get to the elaborate real McCoy. I told you that there was a chemical that, when mixed with a salt of gold would give a red color. Actually, there square measure many chemicals we tend to could use to convey a color when complexes with gold. satisfy it to mention that the chemical we've got will manufacture a red color when it reacts with gold that's in solution (dissolved). in order to create this work we tend to must have a "standard" to check everything to. So, we tend to create a "standard gold solution". this may be created once and kept for an extended time to return. Say that we wish an answer of gold chloride that contains exactly 10 micrograms of gold/ mil (cc). OK, i do know we tend to can’t weigh out 10 micrograms. we tend to would’t jazz that means in a very laboratory either. too much chance of error. we might weigh out 100,000 micrograms. That’s a lot easier and therefore the error is far smaller. So, what we might do is to require 0.1 grams of gold, dissolve it in blue provincial capital, go through the procedure and find yourself with 0.1 gar of gold dissolved in a very very little HC. now we tend to add water to a volume of exactly 100 mil. Our solution now contains exactly 0.1 gar gold/100 mil or 0.001 gar/ml (milligram/ml). now with this customary we can create whatever strength of solution that we wish. we can simply dilute it 1/10 with water and create a typical of 0.01 mg/ml, etc. now do you guys see why I refuse to use the English system of weights and measures? What if you had to try and do this in ounces, pounds, pennyweights, etc. you would be a basket case in about four microseconds. this is the place wherever we tend to take a bit "descants", move to the fridge again for a few of that "aid to deep thinking". relax and consider all the problems of the world, what we will do about them, and try to check what i am getting access to In any case, we tend to now have a "standard gold solution" that we can use for consequent 5 years. we tend to must even have an answer of "chemical X" that produces the red color when it reacts with gold. we tend to probably need {some other|another} solutions of chemicals to prevent interference from other metals like atomic number 52 and Se. No big deal! you simply need to create them once.
 
Beer’s Law
I think we should take a brief excursion into a district that's way more than you ever wished to grasp. Beer’s law? does that have something to try and do with planning to the fridge? Beer’s law says that whenever the brain cells are getting overheated, you ought to move to the fridge for a ----.??
Actually, beer said that if you have a series of reactions that manufacture a color or other measurable characteristic you can have as several points (tubes) as you would like. they will range from 1 unit to AN infinite variety of units. In other words, you can set up AN assay in test tubes with the primary one having 1 mcg of gold to the 100,although tube that has all the gold in the world in it. He also states that the color (or other characteristic) won't be linear over the complete range of the test. That is, if one mg of gold in the test produces a color of intensity 1, 10 mg of gold would possibly only manufacture AN intensity of, not 10, but only 7. He more states that if you limit the range of your test severely, Fie perhaps only from 5 to fifty mg, the intensity of the color produced by the test will seem, for all practical functions, to be linear. that's mg of gold will manufacture a color 5 times as intense as 1 mg, or double the intensity of 2.5 mg, etc. the sole reason I mention this is that it's the premise for all measure and qualitative analysis assays. You can’t stretch these assays beyond sure limits or you will get erroneous results. GIGO! If you run one in all these assays and, for example, your sample is additional intense than the very best concentration tube in your series, you'll need to run again employing a diluted unknown.
I am absolutely sure that i am AN spaceman now. Why, as a result of I want I’m resolution there, floating around in area with nobody within 100,000 miles of American state. I never said it had been all gonad be straightforward, I just said you can understand it/do it, if you actually wish to. bear in mind the greatest truth in the entire universe, THERE CAIN’T NO FREE LUNCHES!!
 
A Little quite Basics
You will need a "test tube rack". this will be bought or made of hardware fabric from the native ironmongery store. just something that may hold test tubes in AN upright position. If you create one, create it so you'll have eleven tubes in a very row and 5 rows. there's a reason for this that we will get to later. i am supplying you with the important world information here. Not theoretical, not what i think it will be like. this is the means it's worn out reality. you'll need one or two of "pipettes". These square measure simply graduated glass or plastic tubes with a restricted end. they furnish you the simplest way to measure liquids terribly accurately. you just suck the liquid into the measuring instrument, let it emanate to the "zero" mark and then place the maximum amount liquid as needed into the test tube. I’All get in this in additional detail later.
BOOBOO! this is CHEMISTRY. we tend to do it now! never thought you would ever be even Considering doing something like this, did you? Well, here you're, and I’m damned pleased with you! you can do an equivalent job because the assay laboratory you have been using for a hell of a lot less $$. What does AN assay price in United States now? I have no plan, however I bet it Cain’t cheap.
Set up 10 test tubes in your rack. now if you add enough of your customary gold solution to the tubes so you have 0.1 mcg in the first, 0.2 in the second, 0.3 in the third, etc. You now add the other chemicals and you'll now have 10 tubes containing gold and they will be a darker red because the gold concentration will increase. the primary will be just a bit weak reddish, the second somewhat stronger, the last one will be a true red. now if you are taking, for example, 1 gar of ore, concentrate, or other and you put the gold in solution with blue provincial capital. now use a measured quantity of this rather than the gold customary solution you'll get some red color counting on how much gold it's in it. Right? now what you do is to require the tube of unknown (your ore sample) and compare it, by eyeball, to the 10 tubes of normal gold concentration. {you will|you'll|you may} realize that you just will don't have any bother finding the quality tube that has a color nighest to the unknown tube from your ore. If the color most closely matches the color in customary tube variety six, then it's almost an equivalent amount of gold as that tube. If, in this example, # six tube had 0.6 micrograms, then your sample had 0.6 micrograms. If you used 10 gar of sample to extract the gold, then your 10 gar sample had 0.6 micrograms of gold in it. If you had 0.6 micrograms/10 gar sample then your ore has six0 mg/metric ton (1,000 kg). near nothing, better look somewhere else. However, if your sample was just one gar of ore and therefore the readings were as higher than, your ore would have 600 mg (0.6 gar)/metric ton. try and do this with the English system. I guarantee you'll be reduced to a babbling moron before you arrive at variety meaning something. keep IN METRICS!!
At this time i really wish you to relax, relax, have faith in it, read it again, whatever. i need you to grasp the concept of what we tend to do here. we tend to square measure constructing a series of colors that square measure of best-known concentration and examination our sample (the unknown) to them. This might sound terribly complex however have faith in it, It’s not that difficult and it will save you some pretty big money in assay costs. I’m gonad tell you exactly a way to jazz however first, i need you to grasp why you're doing it this way and the way the system works. Merlin died, no magic since. {this is|this is often|this will be} just pretty smart chemistry that you just can do in your basement OR move into the sphere.
You see what we've got done here is a "titration" of the amount of gold in each tube. you ought to fathom volumetric analysis. If not, move to the page on "Determination of free cyanide". notwithstanding you have no interest in cyanide you ought to read it so you understand volumetric analysis. on it page I talked about "end point". in this case the "end point" is the intensity of the red color obtained by a best-known amount of gold.
I’m certain that I don’t need to tell you that at the side of these "known" tubes you also run one tube, the "unknown", that contains the gold from your ore/concentrates. This sample will be AN blue provincial capital extract, AN iodine extract, whatever, from your unknown sample. the ultimate sample ought to be in a very hydrochloric acid solution. you just treat this sample exactly the same means that you just did the "known". now you compare the unknown to the quality series to seek out a tube that's nighest to the color in your sample tube. now you recognize pretty near how much gold is in your unknown.
This stuff is a very little difficult to clarify. If you extract the gold into blue provincial capital you want to get obviate the acid by evaporation to near status, add some additional hydrochloric and evaporate again. This residue ought to then be diluted with hydrochloric acid diluted about 1/6 with water. you want to dilute this residue to a best-known volume, 10 ml, 100 ml, etc. If you don’t, how the hell square measure you ever planning to do the arithmetic to seek out out {how abundant|what proportion|what quantity} gold you have? you want to always apprehend exactly what you started with and the way much volume of liquid it's contained in. this is terribly IMPORTANT! you utilize an equivalent procedure if you extracted your sample with, for example, bromine. You add some hydrochloric, evaporate to near status, add some additional hydrochloric and repeat. Your final sample for assay should/must be in HC solution.
At this time i have to also mention that there square measure other metals out there that would be in your sample. Such things as Se, mercury, etc. These metals, if present, will give a colour this assay. they will interfere with your assay and will assay exactly like gold. If you have these items in your ore you'll need to get obviate these metals before you assay for the gold. I’m gonad tell you ways to try and do it. Don’t I always! i mentioned before on another page that there's another metal that has several characteristics in common with gold. That metal is atomic number 52. This Cain’t the foremost common metal in the world. In fact, all my life in laboratories I can't bear in mind ever having occasion to use atomic number 52 till I got into scientific discipline. What we will need to do, if we've got intrusive metals is to add some atomic number 52 as a salt, say atomic number 52 oxide or some such. now what we tend to do is to precipitate the gold and atomic number 52 and leave the intrusive metals in solution. Why can we need the tellurium? it's acting as a "collector". sometimes your gold is in such tiny amounts here that if you precipitated only the gold you most likely wouldn't be able to find/recover it. The atomic number 52 acts exactly just like the lead in fire assay. It amalgamates with the gold and provides "bulk" so you don’t lose it. now you can place the gold/tellurium back in solution with a bit blue provincial capital, create it up to a best-known volume and you're able to proceed with the assay.
If you want to go through this pre-cleaning procedure, here’s how you do it. Take your sample in HC and dilute it up to about fifty mil with water. you'll need an answer of atomic number 52 oxide. About 0.1% dissolved in 1 traditional (1/12) HC. Add 0.2 mil of the atomic number 52 solution to the gold solution. Nothing happens. now you want to have another solution, metallic element (tin) Chloride. This solution ought to be 100% in water. Add 2 mil of this solution. now gently boil the reaction about 5-10 minutes. you ought to now have a brown precipitate in the solution. this is the gold/tellurium. you can filter it, or you will let it settle, pour off the clear liquid, wash once with 3M (1/12) CL, then dissolve it in a very small amount of blue provincial capital and treat as higher than. bear in mind that you just only need to do this if you have intrusive metals. If you're working a quartz vein, you won’t need to do this. If you're assaying concentrates or electronic scrap you most likely won’t need it. with great care you recognize if you have to.
Now, we've got our gold from the sample in HC solution and that we square measure able to ascertain how much is in it. Let American state say here that there square measure ample chemicals that have been used to manufacture a color with salts of gold. I’m planning to provide you with one that I have had some experience with. it's a chemical referred to as "Thiamine B". just like the other chemicals mentioned here you'll need to get them from a scientific supply company. Sorry, these you won’t realize at the drugstore.
 
The Guts of the issue
Lets begin here by supplying you with a listing of the items and chemicals that you just will need.
    A test tube rack. something to carry the tubes in AN upright position.
    Test tubes. Rather large ones. a minimum of 3M capability.
    Pipettes. obtain one or two each of 1, 5, and 10 mil graduated. you'll realize all varieties of uses for these.
    Thiamine B. you'll need a 0.04% solution of this chemical.
 sal ammoniac. relating to in O'Malley of water
    3M HC. combine equal volumes of HC and water
    Isopropyl ether or benzine.
 customary gold solution. This solution will contain exactly 10 micrograms of gold/ml of solution. See below for Preparation.
Yeah, i do know it’s a bit discouraging. you'll need to twig from a scientific supply company. the sole one that's a bit expensive is the B vitamin. obtain {the least|the smallest amount} amount that you just will. a bit goes an extended means. Maybe, if you have a university or college reachable, you could con the chemo dept out of a bit B vitamin and maybe the others too. That’s what I did!
The range of this assay will be from 1 – 10 micrograms. Yeah, that’s 1 - 10 millionths of a gram. Hey, we tend to Cain’t enjoying now! we tend to square measure into real assay chemistry.
 
Making the gold customary solution
Well our customary solution of gold goes to contain exactly 10 micrograms of gold/ml. i do know you can’t weigh gold at that level. Hell, i would have bother doing that in a very high-tech  laboratory. That Cain’t the means it’s done. The means we tend to do this makes it a lot easier, less error, and additional reliable. we tend to square measure planning to create 2 solutions of gold. One we will decision our "stock" solution. the other we will decision our "standard" solution. OK? decision them whatever you would like.
First thing you want to do is to accurately weigh out 1 gram of gold. Pure gold. Not 14 carat or some such. Dissolve this gold in blue Regina; go through the evaporation with HC a minimum of double. Dilute the residue containing the gold chloride with 1 N (1/12) HC to precisely 1,000 ml. This stock solution now has exactly 1 gar of gold in 1000 mil or 1 mg/ml. this is about 100 times quite we wish. So, now i need you to require a measuring instrument and take exactly one mil and dilute it to precisely 100 mil with 3M HC. this may be our working customary. It contains 10 micrograms of gold/ml. Stopper these solutions well and keep them. you'll be using them for an extended time.
O.K...., I’m certain its time for Beer’s law to be invoked. move to the fridge, etc, etc. Bain’t no utterly sober basement chemist that may grasp all of this at one sitting.
 
The Assay
First thing you want to do is to create a chart. i do know you think you can recall it near please jazz this way. this is the means the pros jazz and you Cain’t likely to boost thereon.

All volumes in milliliters (ml)
The last tube is for the unknown sample, any amount up to 7.5 ml.
 
I have to mention here that I don't like this protocol. It’s not mine, I got it from somewhere in the literature. Offhand I don't recall World Health Organization devised this assay however I will tell you a bit about him. He was AN inorganic chemist. Why? as a result of inorganic chemists like to use large reaction mixtures. They hate to try to measure something but 10 mil. A biochemist on the other hand hates to try to measure any amount quite 5 mil. The difference is that chemists rarely learn to use a measuring instrument. they prefer to measure in graduated cylinders etc. However, this is a superbly smart assay and therefore the large volume will probably be easier for you to modify till you get the suspend of employing a measuring instrument.
To get on with the assay, set up your test tubes in a very row. now move to the primary horizontal line on the chart to check how much of what to add to each tube. create the additions, and then drop down to the second line, etc.
After you add the ether, take a piece plastic or a stopper to seal the test tube mouths and shake it twenty five times. place it back in the rack and move to consequent. when all the tubes have been agitated you'll note that the ether layer is now floating on the water layer. also the ether (or benzene) will have a reddish/blue color. That’s what you're looking for. Your # 1 tube ought to be decrepit colored and therefore the color intensity ought to get increasingly darker as you move to the tenth tube. The eleventh tube is your sample. now simply compare the color in the sample tube to the others and choose the tube that almost all closely matches that of the sample. now you recognize terribly near how much gold is in the sample as a result of you have matched it to a reaction with a best-known amount of gold. now you'll need to a bit straightforward arithmetic to calculate the gold in your original ore sample.
 
How to Use a measuring instrument
Why should you wish {to apprehend|to understand|to grasp} a way to use a measuring instrument after you probably don’t even know what a measuring instrument is? Well, i think {you will|you'll|you may} realize that a couple of pipettes round the Basement will be a tool that you just will learn to use a lot. they're terribly convenient and helpful tools for accurately measurement any liquid.
So what square measure they anyway? as was common, its not as straightforward as speech "it’s a glass tube". truly there square measure three styles of pipettes that square measure of interest to United States. first is one referred to as a "measuring pipette". of these pipettes come in sizes from 0.1 mil to as large as twenty five mil. Lets use a 5 mil for example. This issue is, in effect, a glass or plastic tube with the tip restricted and graduation marks at, usually, 0.1 mil increments with 0 at the highest end and 5.0ml at the bottom. this kind has AN graven line near the bottom end that may be marked 5.0ml. If you fill the measuring instrument to the 0 mark and then permit the liquid to empty out till it reaches the mil mark you'll have measuring instrument exactly 5.0ml. That’s right, accurate to a minimum of 0.ml.
The next sort is termed a "serological" measuring instrument. at first look it seems exactly just like the measurement measuring instrument, however, upon closer inspection, you'll note that it's graduated all the thanks to the tip. There square measure 2 main styles of these. If you investigate the highest of the measuring instrument you'll probably realize AN graven ring. If so, you have a "blowout" measuring instrument. If you would like to put entire 5 mil into a flask you'll need to blow the last drop out. If you don’t see the graven ring at the highest it's a "drain out" measuring instrument. With this kind you want to simply touch the tip to the facet of the flask to permit the last drop to emanate. Don’t try and cheat, that's the means they're label.
The third sort is termed a "volumetric" measuring instrument. this kind has no intermediate calibrations. If it's a mil, you can only live 5 mil. you cannot live four.4ml, for example. These are not as typically helpful because the first 2. they're simply recognized by the actual fact that it's a "bulb" or bulged section in the glass stem.
There square measure several other styles of pipettes designed for special functions. for example a "milk pipette" is, for example, label at mil and at 1.ml. obscurity else. A "lambda" measuring instrument is a volumetrical sort however it will accurately deliver volumes of as very little as 1.0 small cubic decimetre. That’s right, 1/1,000,000 of a cubic decimetre. Anyway, you get the concept.
In case I lost a couple of of you, the drawings below ought to help visualize what i am talking about;
Yeah, I know, I’m no creator. Can’t sing either! however, I do skills to use a measuring instrument. Used them probably 200 times daily for 30 years. therefore what’s the big deal about pipettes? you only suck up some liquid, drain it bent on the zero mark, and then drain out the maximum amount as you would like, right? absolutely right! The question is, are you able to do it? i do know, I know, after all you can. Would you trust yourself to suck up some oil of vitriol or cyanide while not obtaining a mouthful? i might jazz in a very pinch however I’ave measuring instrument about 10-20 million times quite you have. And, even on behalf of me it Cain’t a good plan. Fine, if you're addressing water, salt solution, alcohol, etc, if you get a honker full it’s no big deal however with acid, blue provincial capital etc, it may well be a big deal. i assume we tend to glottal skin that cat too. i am the nightmare of all cats in the world! luckily for United States some enterprising folks have devised "safety pipette tors". There square measure various styles of these devises however there's one that for our functions appears to be the foremost practical and economical. It’s type of arduous to describe however it's essentially a rubber bulb hooked up to the tip of the measuring instrument that does the ingestion for you. it's three very little "squeeze valves" thereon. three valves? Sounds complicated, however it’s not. Since I can’t describe it fine, I’All create another of my laptop enhanced, architect quality drawings. suspend on to the present. in a very hundred years it will be price millions!
So, how can we run this high-tech  device? i do know you're all waiting with your tongues hanging out on behalf of me to tell you. Well, you just stick the measuring instrument in the bottom end as indicated. now you squeeze the highest valve and also squeeze the bulb to form suction in the bulb. release the valve and you have treed some energy as vacuum in the bulb. now you put the tip of the measuring instrument in the liquid that you just wish to measure/transfer and squeeze the second valve, the one in direct line top to bottom, slightly below the bulb. {you will|you'll|you may} realize that the liquid will begin to rise in the measuring instrument {in a|during a|in an exceedingly|in a terribly} very ‘controlled" manner. Let the liquid rise to higher than the 0 mark on the measuring instrument. now you turn to the rd valve, the one off to the facet. Squeeze it gently and {you will|you'll|you may} realize that the liquid will begin to slowly drain from the measuring instrument. when it gets to precisely 0, release the valve. now you can stick the measuring instrument in whatever vessel you select, squeeze the facet valve again and deposit whatever amount you would like into the receiving vessel. If you're employing a "blowout measuring instrument you have to blow out the last drop, right? to try and do this simply place one finger over the tip of the side-valve and squeeze the valve. it will blow out the last drop.
Now you recognize all there's to grasp about pipette ting, right? No, you can’t get off that simple. Forget the safety measuring instrument for a moment. you'll undoubtedly not wish to use this device all the time, therefore you want to learn to measuring instrument by mouth also. there's just one trick you want to apprehend to accomplish this. If nobody ever tells you ways, you might spend the remainder of your life making an attempt to measuring instrument by mouth. i am planning to expose this secret to you at absolutely no price, not even postage and handling. I’m a super-nice guy, Cain’t I. If I ought to hand you a measuring instrument and a beaker of water and say "transfer 2.6 mil into this test tube"; I will tell you exactly how you're planning to try and jazz. O.K...., there might be 5-hitter of you World Health Organization would twig right the primary time. the primary issue you'll do is to grasp the measuring instrument in your hand with four fingers, little finger to index, holding it. you'll suck up some water, then simply place your thumb over the highest end of the measuring instrument to keep the water from escaping. now you'll try and relieve a bit pressure on your thumb and let the water emanate of the measuring instrument. this is the means everyone try’s to try and do it! reality is, It Cain’t gonad work! If there's anyone out there in the whole world that may jazz that means, I’All pay your airfare and bill to return to metal and show American state. If you can’t jazz, I don’t pay.
So, if we tend to can’t jazz that means how the hell can we do it? Well, we tend to jazz just like the pro’s. customary chemists can’t do this. only microbiologists and biochemists. Get a measuring instrument or simply atiny low diameter piece of tubing; grasp it with your little finger, index, and finger on one facet and your thumb on the other. That Cain’t arduous however I’All bet you it’s not the means you actually wish to try and do it. That leaves your index absolve to cap the highest of the measuring instrument. that's THE means you do IT! observe this for AN hour and you'll realize that you just will management the liquid to a minimum of 0.1 ml. I will management it to 0.01 ml, however I’ave had ample observe. try it with your thumb too. just to check if you can get a free trip to Republic of Costa Rica off American state. If you rely upon your thumb, I don’t assume you'll ever see the beautiful "Rich Coast".
There square measure several other methods to try and do measure assays of gold. in reality you can simply dissolve gold in AN HC solution, add tin (stannous chloride) and therefore the gold will precipitate as a mixture of purple gold particles (purple of Cassius). This has been used for thousands of years to assay gold. i will realize a way or devise my own and post it ASAP. at once my plate is pretty full therefore I have to post what I will and hope that it helps a bit.